Lower Vocal Tract Morphologic Adjustments Are Relevant for Voice Timbre in Singing
Identifieur interne : 000175 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000174; suivant : 000176Lower Vocal Tract Morphologic Adjustments Are Relevant for Voice Timbre in Singing
Auteurs : Alexander Mainka [Allemagne] ; Anton Poznyakovskiy [Allemagne] ; Ivan Platzek ; Mario Fleischer [Allemagne] ; Johan Sundberg [Suède] ; Dirk Mürbe [Allemagne]Source :
- PLoS ONE ; 2015.
Abstract
The vocal tract shape is crucial to voice production. Its lower part seems particularly relevant for voice timbre. This study analyzes the detailed morphology of parts of the epilaryngeal tube and the hypopharynx for the sustained German vowels /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, and /u/ by thirteen male singer subjects who were at the beginning of their academic singing studies. Analysis was based on two different phonatory conditions: a natural, speech-like phonation and a singing phonation, like in classical singing. 3D models of the vocal tract were derived from magnetic resonance imaging and compared with long-term average spectrum analysis of audio recordings from the same subjects. Comparison of singing to the speech-like phonation, which served as reference, showed significant adjustments of the lower vocal tract: an average lowering of the larynx by 8 mm and an increase of the hypopharyngeal cross-sectional area (+ 21.9%) and volume (+ 16.8%). Changes in the analyzed epilaryngeal portion of the vocal tract were not significant. Consequently, lower larynx-to-hypopharynx area and volume ratios were found in singing compared to the speech-like phonation. All evaluated measures of the lower vocal tract varied significantly with vowel quality. Acoustically, an increase of high frequency energy in singing correlated with a wider hypopharyngeal area. The findings offer an explanation how classical male singers might succeed in producing a voice timbre with increased high frequency energy, creating a singer‘s formant cluster.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132241
PubMed: 26186691
PubMed Central: 4505946
Affiliations:
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von Weber, Dresden, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Voice Research Laboratory, Hochschule für Musik Carl Maria von Weber, Dresden</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Dresde</region><settlement type="city">Dresde</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="e-ISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The vocal tract shape is crucial to voice production. Its lower part seems particularly relevant for voice timbre. This study analyzes the detailed morphology of parts of the epilaryngeal tube and the hypopharynx for the sustained German vowels /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, and /u/ by thirteen male singer subjects who were at the beginning of their academic singing studies. Analysis was based on two different phonatory conditions: a natural, speech-like phonation and a singing phonation, like in classical singing. 3D models of the vocal tract were derived from magnetic resonance imaging and compared with long-term average spectrum analysis of audio recordings from the same subjects. Comparison of singing to the speech-like phonation, which served as reference, showed significant adjustments of the lower vocal tract: an average lowering of the larynx by 8 mm and an increase of the hypopharyngeal cross-sectional area (+ 21.9%) and volume (+ 16.8%). Changes in the analyzed epilaryngeal portion of the vocal tract were not significant. Consequently, lower larynx-to-hypopharynx area and volume ratios were found in singing compared to the speech-like phonation. All evaluated measures of the lower vocal tract varied significantly with vowel quality. Acoustically, an increase of high frequency energy in singing correlated with a wider hypopharyngeal area. The findings offer an explanation how classical male singers might succeed in producing a voice timbre with increased high frequency energy, creating a singer‘s formant cluster.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fant, G" uniqKey="Fant G">G Fant</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Helmholtz, H" uniqKey="Helmholtz H">H Helmholtz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Plomp, R" uniqKey="Plomp R">R Plomp</name></author><author><name sortKey="Plomp, R" uniqKey="Plomp R">R. 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Richter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vicari, M" uniqKey="Vicari M">M Vicari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Echternach, M" uniqKey="Echternach M">M Echternach</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Roers, F" uniqKey="Roers F">F Roers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Murbe, D" uniqKey="Murbe D">D Mürbe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sundberg, J" uniqKey="Sundberg J">J Sundberg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shipp, T" uniqKey="Shipp T">T Shipp</name></author><author><name sortKey="Izdebski, K" uniqKey="Izdebski K">K Izdebski</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Detweiler, Rf" uniqKey="Detweiler R">RF Detweiler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Andrade, Pa" uniqKey="Andrade P">PA Andrade</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Story, Bh" uniqKey="Story B">BH Story</name></author><author><name sortKey="Titze, Ir" uniqKey="Titze I">IR Titze</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoffman, Ea" uniqKey="Hoffman E">EA Hoffman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Suède</li></country><region><li>District de Dresde</li><li>Saxe (Land)</li></region><settlement><li>Dresde</li></settlement></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Platzek, Ivan" sort="Platzek, Ivan" uniqKey="Platzek I" first="Ivan" last="Platzek">Ivan Platzek</name></noCountry><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Saxe (Land)"><name sortKey="Mainka, Alexander" sort="Mainka, Alexander" uniqKey="Mainka A" first="Alexander" last="Mainka">Alexander Mainka</name></region><name sortKey="Fleischer, Mario" sort="Fleischer, Mario" uniqKey="Fleischer M" first="Mario" last="Fleischer">Mario Fleischer</name><name sortKey="Mainka, Alexander" sort="Mainka, Alexander" uniqKey="Mainka A" first="Alexander" last="Mainka">Alexander Mainka</name><name sortKey="Murbe, Dirk" sort="Murbe, Dirk" uniqKey="Murbe D" first="Dirk" last="Mürbe">Dirk Mürbe</name><name sortKey="Murbe, Dirk" sort="Murbe, Dirk" uniqKey="Murbe D" first="Dirk" last="Mürbe">Dirk Mürbe</name><name sortKey="Poznyakovskiy, Anton" sort="Poznyakovskiy, Anton" uniqKey="Poznyakovskiy A" first="Anton" last="Poznyakovskiy">Anton Poznyakovskiy</name></country><country name="Suède"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sundberg, Johan" sort="Sundberg, Johan" uniqKey="Sundberg J" first="Johan" last="Sundberg">Johan Sundberg</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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